Champagne is a sparkling wine that is produced exclusively in the Champagne region of France. One of the key elements that contribute to the unique flavor and character of Champagne is the grapes that are used to make it. In this article, we’ll explore the different grape varieties that are used to make Champagne.
What Grapes Make Champagne?
Chardonnay
Chardonnay is a white grape variety that is used to make many of the best Champagnes. It is a versatile grape that can produce a range of styles, from light and delicate to rich and full-bodied. Chardonnay is often used in Blanc de Blancs Champagnes, which are made exclusively from white grapes. These Champagnes are known for their crisp acidity, bright fruit flavors, and subtle mineral notes.
Pinot Noir
Pinot Noir is a red grape variety that is also used to make Champagne. It is one of the most widely planted grape varieties in the Champagne region, and it is valued for its ability to produce complex and flavorful wines. Pinot Noir is often used in Blanc de Noirs Champagnes, which are made exclusively from red grapes. These Champagnes are known for their rich, full-bodied flavor, with notes of red fruit and spice.
Pinot Meunier
Pinot Meunier is another red grape variety that is used to make Champagne. It is the most widely planted grape variety in the region, and it is valued for its ability to produce wines with a fruity and fresh character. Pinot Meunier is often used in blends with Chardonnay and Pinot Noir to create a balanced and complex Champagne. It is known for its floral and fruity aromas, with notes of apple, pear, and citrus.
Other Grape Varieties
While Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier are the primary grape varieties used to make Champagne, other grape varieties can also be used in smaller amounts. These include:
- Pinot Blanc: a white grape variety that is sometimes used to make Champagne, typically in small amounts.
- Petit Meslier: a rare white grape variety that is sometimes used to add complexity to Champagne blends.
- Arbane: another rare white grape variety that is sometimes used in Champagne blends, typically in very small amounts.
Blending
Champagne is typically made using a blend of different grape varieties. This is because each grape variety contributes different characteristics to the final wine, and blending allows winemakers to create a balanced and complex Champagne.
The exact blend of grape varieties used in Champagne can vary depending on the producer and the style of Champagne being made. Non-vintage Champagnes, which are blended from different vintages, typically use a combination of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier. Vintage Champagnes, which are made from grapes harvested in a single year, may use a higher proportion of Chardonnay or Pinot Noir depending on the characteristics of the vintage.
Conclusion
The grapes used to make Champagne are an essential element in creating the unique flavor and character of this iconic sparkling wine. Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier are the primary grape varieties used in Champagne, but other grape varieties can also be used in smaller amounts. Blending different grape varieties allows winemakers to create a balanced and complex Champagne that showcases the best qualities of each grape variety. Whether you prefer a crisp and refreshing Blanc de Blancs or a rich and full-bodied Blanc de Noirs, the grapes used to make Champagne play a critical role in creating the wine’s signature style and flavor.